↳ Bandura's social learning theory means that people learn from on another, due to observation, imitation and modelling.
↳ By observing this Albert looked at how children observe the people around them behaving in various ways.
↳ This is presented in the famous Bobo Doll experiment that Bandura did in 1961.
↳ Bandura, ross and ross, tested 36 boys and girls ages between 3-6 years old, they pre-tested the children to see how aggressive they were. it was then possible to match the children In specific groups so that each group had similar level of aggression. He placed children in a room with an adult and Bandura told the adult the play with the toy in an aggressive manner and to slam it onto the ground and hit it etc. ↳ Then the adult would leave the room and leave the camera rolling to watch the children and see if they would play with he doll in the same way as the adult did.
↳ Bandura believed that if children would copy behaviour they saw, in particular violent behaviour.
↳ Research has been take t o prove that Violent video games such as GTA and Call of duty, has a consistent relation to increasing aggressive behaviour, pro social behaviour, empathy and sensitivity to aggression. ↳ The link between violence in video games and increased aggression in players is one of the most studied and best established in the field. ⇧
D-The Boyz in the hood opens with a disturbing fact which is surrounded by the noises of sirens and gun shots.
I- It then follows on to another black screen with another statement in a white font, which is also quite alarming for the audience. This immediately creates a negative image of the film, conveying how there is going to violent scenes involved.
S- The film is set in South Central Los Angeles in 1984, and seems to be a rough neighbourhood, due to stray dogs roaming around and rubbish just being left all over the streets.
T- The themes are violence and corruption, also 'how to get out of the hood'.
I-The posters with gun shot holes in it, portrays how disruptive and violent the area is, as not only have people been shot, the surroundings have too, meaning it had occurred multiple times.
N-In this clip, the characters are only children at primary school, however throughout the film they grow into becoming teenagers.
C- The charcters seen so far are Tre and his group of friends, as well as Tre's mum and their school teacher.
T- 'Slang' has been used by the children to highlight that they don't speak in an intelligent manner.
Mise En Scene⤵
C-Tre is presented in formal clothing, which is vastly different from his friends, who match the stereotypical clothing of a boy in America at that time. Tre's clothing also matches his intelligence as he is seen to be the smartest one in his class as he knows certain facts that a child of his age isn't expected to know.
L- Natural lighting is used when the children are walking to school, however it seems like a dull and cloudy day, which highlights the mood of the characters in this scene as they are talk ing about a shooting that happened the previous night.
A- The main actors are a group of children, who's lives could be affected in their adult hood, due to there upbringing and violent surroundings. Tre's mother is also included in this scene, during a phone call with his teacher, and she portrays that she is well educated female, which would contradict with the teachers view of her being a bad parent to Tre.
P-The use of the 'do not cross' tape across the crime scene, conveys how the children are rebellious and reckless as they crossed the line. The producers zoomed in on it to demonstrate how the children aren't bothered about the consequences that could happen after they crossed the line. S- The opening is set in the daytime as the children are at school, and most of the scene is shot outdoors.
Sound⤵
M- The music is slow and instrumental, when the children are investigating the crime scene. This signifies how they're feeling because confused at what they're seeing, so the music is mysterious. C- The music and sounds are parallel as the sounds describe how what is happening due to the gun shots and sirens.
D-The music is non-diegetic as it is in the background and the actors wouldn't of heard it at the time of filming. However every other sound such as sirens are diegetic.
O-The sounds of sirens, barks and gunshots are heard off screen, as well as the teacher talking to the class whilst pictures drawn by students of coffins are shown on screen.
E-Throughout, viewers would feel sympathy, sorrow and scarce for the children who are surrounded by violence and crime all of the time.
D- All the children seem to have poor vocabulary, apart from Tre as he is portrayed as intellectual for his age, due to him knowing the fact about blood plasma, which the other children had no idea about.
Editing ⤵
S-Tre seems to be the main character so far, as he is having the most screen time in this clip.
T-The transitions are smooth and the scenes flow well together, which makes the film seem more realistic. O-Its shown in chronological order, from the children walking to school, through there day at school and then Tre walking home. This is so the audience is given an insight on how the children's typical days are like.
P-The pace seems to be fast at the beginning when the sounds of gun shots, sirens and shouts from men are played. However then slows down to a normal pace, when they're walking to school, demonstrating normality of a typical school day.
S-There aren't any obvious special effects, as the producers try to create a real life effect.
D- The film 'Ghost Ship' is a hybrid genre, which gives the film a much more interesting appeal.
I-Romance and Horror are the two genres involved, making the film contrast massively from the start to the end. S-The film is set in the middle of the sea on a cruise, at night time, with the lighting being dark outside, suggesting the characters are more vulnerable because of the ill-lit scene. T- Initially, the opening of the film gives an indication that it has a romantic aspect to it, due to the swirly pink font that the credits are displayed in. This would suggest romance as it seems soft and delicate and like a typical beginning of a romantic genre film. As well as the gentle, slow and relaxed music that echos in the background, whilst couples intimately dance around the elegant room. Then the theme suddenly switches to a horror type film, as soon as a lever has been pulled, which then follows onto a series of horrific events that occur. During this the music has changed to a more dramatic and slower version of the music beforehand. I- The flowers in this signify the natural and beautiful evening that is taking place, however the wirerepresents the horror that happens afterwards.
N-The narrative is in chronological order at the start, with the woman singing, and then a sudden change of tragedy.
C- Male and female adults are spread across the room, with only one child apparent.
T- The lack of camera quality, highlights the time period, meaning there wasn't as advanced cameras as there are nowadays.
Mise En Scene➟
C-The costumes that are shown in the clip, appear to be quite elegant and sophisticated. For example, the lady singing, looks like she is wearing expensive jewellery and a graceful dress. L-The lighting seems natural not too high key, but also not low key. A- The actors all seem to be older adults, whereas there is one young girl, who stands out against them all. M-There is special effects when the body parts fall off, which has been edited to look as realistic as possible. P-The prop of the candle, commemorates how the opening seems like a romance, which makes what happens later a complete shock to the audience. S-The first camera shot is of the cruise from the outside, which tells the audience that the opening is taking place at night, due to the only thing that is lit up being the ship.
Sound➟
M- The slow an temper music that plays in the background, gives a relaxed atmosphere for the opening, which soon changes. The music then suddenly become dramatic, but then stops demonstrating that that atmosphere has now drastically changed.
C- The music and sounds are parallel throughout the first scene, as at the start the music is slow and soft representing happiness from characters, however when the disaster occurs, the music is stopped, highlighting how the characters have no emotion as they are shocked from the event.
D- The woman sings throughout, so when she is not shown it is non-digetic , although when she is it is diegetic.
O- At the beginning, when the extra long shot is taken of the ship, you can't see where the music is coming from, but it is still being played to set the scene.
V- The sounds of the wire screeching, would make the audience aware of what is going on, without any dialogue.
E- At the start, viewers would feel happiness due to everyone smiling and looking like they're enjoying themselves. However, afterwards, the audience would feel shocked and disgusted at what had just happens.
D- There is no dialogue during this clip, although there are hand gestures and expressions on the characters faces which would give the viewers a clear idea of what is happening and being said.
Editing➟
S- The young girl appears in the clip a lot, and also stands out due to her being the youngest one there and is the only person to survive the event, which highlights how she is going to be a main
character further on in the film.
T- The smooth transitions at the start, from one couple dancing to another, highlight the relaxed evening. However, they are more abrupt as it starts becoming more like a typical horror film.
O-The scene is in chronological order, and it doesn't seem apparent that a lot of time has passed due to their not being any hints as to it passing quickly. For example, a quickened clock or sped up movements.
P- The scene is slow paced to complement the soft music played, and carries on being slow throughout to create suspense and tension.
S- The scene seem like a normal evening on a cruise, until the horror occurs and that is when special effects are used to create this horrific effect of the sliced up bodies and blood everywhere.
↳ This is my first edit that I have made on Premiere. I used a range of different effects to create this, including a mirroring and tilted effect, making the edit seem 3D at points. At the start of the edit the music is quite calm and relaxing to set the scene of the James Bond film. However, as it moves on the music was more intense and fast, which reflected the action scenes that were occurring. This was to demonstrate how different genres of music can have an impact on the scene in a film. As the music changed I also changed the colour of clips to black and white, meaning they all looked the same and complemented each other, this also meant the edit flowed and different clips didn't look out of place.
The dull and gloomy background of this poster, highlights the negative and depressing impact this series could have whilst watching. This is due to the solid black colour in the background, demonstrating no emotion and a feeling of emptiness. This connotes, Immediately, an eerie and sinister tone, just from seeing the poster advertising the series.
You can tell that the television series isn't going to be joyous and comical, just by glancing at the two characters that feature on the poster. The concerned, worried expression on their faces paints an image of scarce that could appear during the series, this connotes that the series is going to be filled with drama and mystery. You can infer that they look distressed, due to the girls wide eyes which could demonstrate fear as well as tight lips and one raised eyebrow, portraying skepticism of something. The words above the characters, give a powerful message, as it is indicating a death of someone from the words 'too late'.The font of the words give an impression that the creator of this poster wanted this message to be noticeable, because of them all being in capital letters and in white. Its also suggests the boy in the poster has something to do with it due to him having headphones on. The blurry effect that is on the girl, portrays how she may not feature in the programme a lot as her appearance isn't as distinct as the boys one. The programme is set in present day, and is about teenagers at an American high school, like a typical American tv series. However, as the programme is set in present day, theres an implication that because of the modernised society of bullying/ cyberbullying, there could be a sense of that involved in the series. This is because of the darkness of the poster and how there is a serious, dramatic and negative appeal to it, suggesting that there could be some sort of bullying involved . The creators would have made this series to spread awareness and to try and stop bullying as it is such a big thing nowadays. The title of the series is very simple and straightforward, despite it being so broad itself, as this title could mean anything. This juxtaposing aspect could indicate how the producers wanted the whole poster to be- empty and simplistic but on the other hand, to have a huge impact on viewers as there is so much meaning underneath it. This clever way of advertisement could reflect how bullying works, as someone saying something so simple without thought, could have a much more complicated impact on someone else; and maybe this was what the producers and creators were trying to emphasise with their poster.
↳ We experimented with a variety of camera shots, Angles and movement to demonstrate the effects that they can have when filming, for example a dramatic, emotional or vulnerable effect.
Shot sizes ⇒
XLS- (extra long shot) gives a confined effect, and is used for setting the scene. Makes the object or body look vulnerable and isolated.
LS- (long shot) shot from a considerable distance , so people appear as indistinct shapes. Shows the entire object or body and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings.
MLS- (medium long shot) frames whole subject from the knees up. May be used when you have two or three people in a shot.
MS- (medium shot) remains close enough to capture body language, so the viewers are able to identify the characters emotion.
MCU- (medium close-up) from the chest. Often used for dialogue sequences, allow viewer to pick up on characters movements gestures and actions.
CU- (close up) tightly frames person or object. Features whole head.
BCU- (big close up) represents charcaters emotions.
XCU- (extreme close up) often used in horror films to display an instant reaction to a dramatic event.
Shot Angles ⇒
Low- When camera is placed below the subject. Making the character seem more powerful.
Eye- Level- Equal with the camera.
High- Camera looks down on the subject. This shot belittles the character and makes them seem vulnerable.
Worm's eye- Used for a dramatic effect.
Canted- Creates a dizzy, unsteady effect. Often used in scene of a character being drunk.
The poster features the famous actor Hugh Jackman in the centre of the poster and has him at a larger scale compared to every other character that features on it. This is to indicate how he is the main character and star of the show, due to him being the focal point of it and having everyones eyes immediately drawn to him. This is because of his name and reputation of being an actor was more famous than the title of the film at the time, making the public draw more attention onto the film. as he is the main character in it. Therefore, viewers would be more interested in watching the film when they know he was starring in it than before, due to the initial perception of the plot that is about the circus. This idea wouldn't of initially attracted the public as much, and this is because of it being outdated and not as modern as other films out at this time. Also, behind the picture of Hugh, on a much smaller scale, displays a sense of romance that could occur during the film. This image would intrigue the public as it may interest them more knowing that there is a romantic aspect to the film as well as being about the circus. In addition, the fire and lighting affect in the background is the same colour as the title and credits, complementing each other as they're the same shade and also creating the title of film to stand out.
Task 2- Media Language:
Deutschland 83
The Deutschland 83 trailer begins with a statement in a robotic font, stating how in 1983 the world was divided. After that, the trailer has a split screen, highlighting the political division between east and west republics, which ridiculed Germany in that time period. The first imagery seen is a captured moment of the war, which is clearly shot with an old camera, due to the lack of good camera quality that we have nowadays. Initially this gives an insight of the programme and the main plot, and this idea is given from only the first 3 seconds, signifying the fast pace of war and how rapidly it moves.
Moreover, the trailer then follows onto a series of action packed scenes that are quite graphic, giving the reader a disturbing reflection of what the event was, as well as some historical content of real footage from it. The producer has sped up the filming and audio, harmonising the upbeat and fast tempo background music. The serious matter of war in comparison to the chirpy music, juxtapose each other due to them being vastly different ideas, giving an indication of the series being comedic and not as serious as viewers may have thought initially. The man who features in it throughout, is seen in both uniform at a war-like scenery contradicting with his normal clothing in a supermarket later on in the trailer. Immediately this highlights the change of lifestyle for who seems to be the main character of the series, giving the audience a preview to intrigue them .
A variety of camera angles are shot during this trailer, commemorating the various circumstances and situations during the events. Towards the end of , theres a short clip of a man a women looking intimate, suggesting a romantic aspect within the series indicating its a hybrid genre, which would therefore entice the public even more as it fits into different categories that would fit peoples interests.
Finally, the trailer finishes dramatically with the character walking casually, contrasting with the monumental explosion that has occurred behind him. The trailer ends with him rapidly turning his head to glance at what had happened, to then have the clip immediately switch to the release date to compose the viewers to watch the series, as a result of the cliffhanger it had been left on.
Task 3-
Are You Beach Body Ready?
This was the controversial advert campaign that features a women in a bikini surrounding the words that say in bold writing 'Are You Beach Body Ready?'. It shows no diveristy within the advert, as there is only a slim figured ,white, young and attractive model; as a result of this other groups such as different sexuality, ethnicity, class, age, gender have not been considered, indicating how the producers for this advert didn't believe any other figure shape/age/sexuality were 'beach body ready' . This advert was banned due to a series of complaints from women saying how it made them feel 'less beach body ready' and that how everyone should always be beach body ready, all they need is a swimsuit. It frustrated women as the question immediately is followed by the introduction to the 'the weight loss campaign' as if to suggest that if you aren't beach body ready looking like the model for the advert, then you need to try the remedy to help you become it. The advert has a Bold yellow colour for the background, making anyone who walked past immediately notice it, which made social media share there disgust for the advert. It also states the question in capital letters in black to clearly become apparent.
As a result of the bad publicity, the advert got banned from appearing on tube stations and any other platforms.
Task 4-
The Big Six:
While independent media outlets still exist, the major outlets are almost all owned by these six conglomerates.
1. Walt Disney Studios:they have given Hollywood many of its greatest films created. These revolutionary films include, The Lion King, Sleeping Beauty, Frozen, Nemo e.t.c. Many of their films have exceeded 1 billion dollar mark at the box office. They acquired Pixar in 2006 as well as Marvel Entertainment in 2009. In total there are five Disneyland resorts, two in the US and three in other international locations, signifying how incredibly successful the studios are.
2.Warner Bros: Warner bros is a television powerhouse with 75 shows currently currently on the air. There studios have produced some of the best movies ever made, for example Harry Potter, Batman, Charlie and the chocolate factory, The Great Gatsby e.t.c. In 2017 Warner bros net worth was 5.25 billion, which was an increase from 2016 which was 3.93 billion.
3.Universal Pictures: Universal studios is a major motion picture company and former competitor to Walt Disney Studios. It is owned by NBC universal . Universal has resorts in California and Florida, which are those states' primary competitors against Disneyland. There net worth is currently 11.7 billion
4. 20th Century Fox: The studio has had many successful films such as ,The sound of music, Home Alone, Wall Street and Titanic. Titanic was the first film to surpass 1 billion at the global box office. It is also the second largest film studio after Warner bros.
5.Paramount Pictures: Paramount has produced and distributed some of the top-grossing movies made, such as Forest Gump, Transformers, Shrek and Madagascar. It is now the only major studio that is located in Hollywood, other studios have moved to more remote areas in and around Los Angeles .
6. Sony Pictures Entertainment:Sony operates Columbia pictures(founded 1924), TriStar productions and pictures and Screen Gems. The studios have produced films such as, Hotel Transylvania, Spider-man , The Smurfs and Men in Black. Best-Selling Films in 2017/2018 from these studios:
Walt Disney : Incredibles 2 - 2018 ; second - highest- grossing animated film of all time.
Director- Brad Bird Release Date - 13th July 2018 Budget- $200 million Genre- Comedy, Action, adventure, Sci-fi Cast- Craig T. Nelson, Holly Hunter , Sarah Vowell, Huck Minler, Catherine Keener, Eli Fucile.
Warner Bros: Rampage- 2018
Director- Brad Peyton Release Date- 4th April 2018 Budget- $130 Million Genre- Science Fiction, Action Cast- Dwayne Johnson, Naomie Harris, Malin Akerman, Jake Lacy, Joe Manganaiello, Jeffery Dean Morgan.
Universal Pictures: Mamma Mia 2 , 2018
Director-OI Parker Release Date- 20th July 2018 Budget-$75 Million Genre- Musical , Comedy Cast- Lily James, Amanda Seyfried, Meryl Streep, Christine Barasnski , Julie Walters, Pierce Brosnan, Colin Firth, Cher
20th Century Fox: Dead pool 2, 2018
Director- David Leitch Release Date- 16th May 2018 Budget- $110 millio n Genre- Science Fiction Cast- Ryan Reynolds, Josh Brolin, Morena Baccarin, Julian Dennison, Zazie Beetz
Director- Christopher McQuarrie Release Date-12th July 2018 Budget- $178 Million Genre-Thriller, Action Cast- Tom cruise, Rebecca Ferguson, Henry Cavill, Simon Pegg, Vanessa Kirby, Angela Basset.
Sony Pictures : Peter Rabbit, 2018
Director-Will Gluck Release Date- 3rd February, 2018 Budget- $50 Million Genre-Fantasy, Adventure Cast- James Cordan, Margot Robbie, Elizabeth Debicki, Daisy Ridley, Sam Neil, Domhnall Gleeson.
* The idea that genres may be dominated by repetition but are also marked by variation, difference and change.
* The idea that genre changes , develops , varies, and borrows and overlaps with one another.
Genre Practice :
D describe
I in detail
Ssetting- location, historical Time period
T themes- love, guilt, revenge, good vs evil
Iicons- props, weapon or wallet
Nnarrative- plot, how a story is told
Ccharacter- background, boys/girls
Ttextual analysis - style of camera, editing
Types of Genres:
* Romcom
* Horror
* Sci-Fi
* Thriller
* Drama
* Action
* Adventure
* Comedy
* Indie
* Crime/ Documentary
Drama Genre:
These images help represent a drama genre, due to the prop that Is the knife. We decided to use the knife to create a dramatic effect and try to demonstrate suspense and tension, as if something could of happened before or after these shots. The darkness of the first picture reinforces the dramatic event further, making the shot look gloomy and unwelcoming.
Sci - Fi :
We tried to create a sci-fi genre by the use of green lighting and shadowing, giving it an extraterrestrial effect. The use of spotlights makes the camera focus on a specific object or thing, giving a scientific approach.
-Photography-e.g. Fashion Photographer
-Television- e.g. Big Brother and Towie
-Music Videos- e.g. Calvin Harris, Promises.
-Adverts- e.g. IKEA
-Video Games- e.g. Mine craft
-Radio- e.g. Kiss Fm
-Film- e.g. The Greatest Showman
-Newspapers- e.g. The Daily Mail
-Internet - e.g. Netflix My Favourite Forms of Media:
Television-Like a majority of the public, i enjoy watching TV in my spare time and catching up on different programmes.I appreciate this time as it is relaxing and makes me focus on the scenario in the programme instead of whats going on in real life. I believe that television is a crucial part of the media, as it is a link to advertisement for products and films etc, so it is a helpful platform for businesses and film producers to advertise new material, as well as showing different programmes.
Internet- Furthermore, the internet is a broad platform with a huge variety of entertainment for everyone to access. I personally enjoy using the internet, due to social media as the applications enable me to socialize with friends and family in an easy way. I can also access Netflix, which is and advantage of the internet for me as I like watching the different series that are available on that site, for example, Stranger things, The Vampire Diaries and Pretty little liars. The internet is most probably the main type of media that I use on a daily basis.
Music- Listening to different types of music can make you think and feel different types of emotions, depending on the genre of song. I enjoy listening to music as it can brighten up your day and distract you from what is going on in your life. Music helps to identify moods, feelings and emotions that an advert, film, person, video game, may have. I believe that music is a significant form of media, due to it featuring most probably, every day in your life in some way, for example, in a programme, game or advert. Therefore, it is hard to fathom how life would be if there wasn't any music.
IKEA advert, 'Hooray! To the Wonderful Everyday-
L - language, camera, editing, music I - industry, making money A - audience, who is it targeting? R - representation, how media represents you? class, age, gender, sexuality L- The use of the upbeat music suggests celebration and happiness. The use of celebration towards the smallest things in the advert, such as waking up early, encourages viewers to honour the smaller things in life, that you wouldn't normally celebrate. Further more, the title further reinforces this idea, as it is telling the public that everyday is wonderful and that you should celebrate it, due to the interjection 'Hooray', which conveys ideas of celebration, party and happiness.
I - Advertising the different furniture that is available in IKEA in a fun and exciting way for children, would appeal to the public a lot. Meaning, the company would've had families purchasing the items as it seems to excite the children and adults in the advert. It would also force viewers to perhaps re-wind the advert for the reason of the constant fast pace camera shots called 'fast cutting', meaning the advert is consistently moving quickly. As a result of 'fast cutting', viewers would re-watch the advert as it would be a lot to take in only watching it once.
A- This advert would appeal to family and children as they would be intrigued by the fun and happy lifestyle of the people in the advert. It would mostly attract children, as they would be fascinated at the abstract movement of items in the house.
R- The advert goes would interest viewers as it goes against the stereotypical advert of a family and shows a more diverse way of looking. However , it portrays a good representation as the whole family is smiling and laughing with each other, making the audience feel happy after viewing it. This advert spreads positivity to the public, in behalf of the jovial and cheery background music pairing with the constant bursts of celebration throughout.
↳ Research has been take t o prove that Violent video games such as GTA and Call of duty, has a consistent relation to increasing aggressive behaviour, pro social behaviour, empathy and sensitivity to aggression. 
