The Guardian and The Daily Mail

The Daily Mail

The Guardian

Newspaper Construction Task

What was the task you were assigned?

We were assigned to create/ mimic a Daily Mail front cover based on various headlines and stories that we were given- elaborated on current news that is happening in the world at the moment- e.g. Im A Celebrity/ Brexit e.t.c.

We had to have a balance of headline, subheadings, body text and pictures- without leaving too much white space. 

What programme did you use to complete this task?

I used Publisher to create my daily mail front page, this is so I could add pictures, text and titles easily, and to adapt them to look like a realistic daily mail front page.

Using publisher was simple and easy to create this page due to using templates that are available, however next time I would probably use a more professional programme such as photoshop. 

What tools did you use to create this task?

I used a variety of tools to create this front cover, such as;  cropping, editing of pictures, (removing backgrounds of pictures to make the photo look more professional ), I also used a variety of fonts to match the daily mails common front cover.

What were the biggest obstacles to completing the task?

I believe that the biggest obstacle was finding the most accurate font to  the daily mails ones. 

I also found it difficult fitting my headline and picture on the page without leaving too much white space 

Millennials VS Boomers

Millennial's VS Boomers 

News Readers- 

Millennial :   The younger generation (under 30), that get they news from twitter and social media platforms online.

Boomers:  The older generation (above 30) , that traditionally watch BBC news at 6pm where the main focus is formal news on politics , weather and world issue. Or Channel 4 for catch up.

News Addicts- Types of readers/ people :

・ Fix- access news constantly, prompted by a general need and state of distraction.
・Track- access news regularly throughout the day to keep up to date with breaking stories. 
・Fill-  access news to pass the time when moving from one place to another.
・Indulge- make time to enjoy the news as a break from everything else in the day. 
・Invest- read the news regularly to get an in depth perspective on stories. 

Examples of when stories are posted online before they are published as proper news on tv: 

- Ariana Grande Manchester terrorist attack
- Bitcoin
- Harry Potter filming scenes being leaked before the film was in screening
- Terrorism attacks
- Natural disasters

The Pros and Cons of social media news:

Pros:

- Immediacy 

- Everyone can report on it 

- Stories spread very quickly 

- Phones can be where Tv filming isn't 

Cons:

- 140 characters to write a story/post on twitter 

- False news

- Facts missing/inaccuracy 

- Biased/one sided 

- Amateur reporters putting others in danger in order to get news

TOP 4 NEWSPAPERS-

1. Metro

2. The Guardian

3. The Sunday Times

4. The Daily Mail

Newspapers

The Guardian:  Is the 4th famous in the world but 2nd most read. It is known for being a well-written, interesting, informative, intelligent and good for politics.

The Daily Mail:  Is the most famous newspaper today, however contrasts to the amount of readers making it the 4th most read newspaper. The Daily Mail is known for standing up for ordinary people, interesting, informative.

The Sun: The Sun has a reputation for being entertaining, amusing, good for sport and read by ordinary people. However, the false and exaggerated news makes this newspaper 13th most popular.

Top Newspapers

Overall-
・ Metro
・The Guardian
・The Sunday times
・Daily mail
・The Times

Millennials- 
・ Meters
・ The Guardian
・The Times
・ The independent
・ Daily mail

Generation X - 
・ Metro
・ The Sun
・ The Guardian
・ The Sun on Sunday
・ The Sunday times

Baby Boomers- 
・ Metr
・Daily Mail
・Mail on Sunday's 
・The Daily Telegraph
・The Independent

Men- 
・ Metro
・ The guardian
・ The Sunday times
・ Financial Times
・The Times

Women-
・Metro
・Daily Mail
・The guardian
・The Times
・ The Sunday Times

Analysis of newspapers

Financial Times 
- pictures to engage the reader - significant people on the front cover to illustrate what/who the stories are based on - does not feature the remembrance poppy

The Guardian

- the content is formal and shows the proper news - the positive and negative stories going on in the world.  - displayed in neat columns with a myriad of text - less colour than the tabloids, text and titles are in black and white

Daily Mail 
- Less text, therefore a large title covering over half of the front cover. - More colour - Inclusive - the poppy - symbolic - Spice Girls, a well known pop group that is likely to engage fans and those interested in celebrity gossip.

The Daily Telegraph
- Contrasts from the Daily Mail because it focuses on higher social classes as opposed to lower ones; such as The Sun where it discusses celebrity stories and drama, based on false news. - Politics - upper classes - intellectual readers - Small text, to fit more stories/more content 

Daily Mirror
- big story of a hate crime - celebrity drama of Ant and court - large title - advertising of a tv programme 

Daily Star 
- offers and compares itself to The Sun on the front cover - '10p cheaper than The Sun' - celebrity stories - informal language - pun/word play - entertaining factors to engage the audience - bold/capital letters 

Daily Express
- large titles covering the front cover - presented as a lower social group newspaper - deals included - suggests the lower social classes also, so they can afford - not as educated to understand complex vocabulary
The Independent 
- politics and talks of the environment and parliament - less colour - only in image of Donald Trump - Donald Trump symbolises politics and connects countries because he is the president of America 
The Times 
- significant logo between the title symbolises politics and old history - little chnages have been made - shows target audience can be for the older generation and those interested in Brexit and other polititions. - statistics and figures - controversial topics such as cancer, Donald Trump
Metro 
- Newspapers such as the Daily Mail and Metro include something 'free' in order to make it more appealing to customers, so they want to purchase or read the article. - offers at the bottom of the page to show its unformal - it promotes deals and discounts. - minimal text 
The Sun 
- larger images than newspapers such as The Guardian and The Independent - uses less factual text - main focus on celebrities lives as opposed to the day to day people

Guardian Case Study

→ First published in 1921
→ Not profiting driven, not a commercial- Scott Trust 
→ Hoping to break even this year for the first time ever
→ Have reached one million online subscribers this year
→ Created positive actions scheme to encourage ethnic minorities to break down barriers as the decision makers are white male, oxbridge homes countries types.
→ Proud of their wind rush coverage which was initially just one story and then grew to the extent that- Amber Rudd had to redesign. 
→ Osama Bin Laden wrote column in The Guardian as a one off
→ Wiki leaks and Ed Snowden story gained recognition abroad. 

Why have print newspapers sales declined?

Throughout the years there has been a major decline in print newspaper sales, due to many factors. 

One main explanation for this is the growth of the more easy, accessible way of reading the news, which is on the internet. The sudden rise in technology and social media has resulted in a thorough decline of printed newspapers. However, a majority of popular newspaper companies such as the Guardian and The Daily Mail post all of their daily stories on their websites, to stay relevant and an interest to the public. Since 2005, 55% of the public said that they'd prefer to use mobile devices and the internet to access the news, rather than a printed newspaper, therefore, having these websites would make it more convenient and easier for the public. 

Most mobile phones have applications which would have the daily news stories on them, with live updates so everyone is aware of what is going on constantly. 

This factor would have led to a decline in the newspaper print, because buying one consists of physical activity so therefore wouldn't fit everyone’s life-styles and routines. Supporting the reason why the average group to get newspapers is 50+, as well as this a lot of the older generation aren't accessible to an iPhone, iPad or any sort of tablet, therefore wouldn't be able to access the news online only by hard copy. 

Using the internet as your news source is a positive, due to readers commenting on various articles to comment their views and opinions, making the article more accurate and to look at the story from all points of views. 

According to studies, The Daily Mail had a decrease of 55% of papers sold during 2000 since 1960.

However, a negative of using the internet as your news source, is that it has to require a internet connection in order to access the papers, so you could lose stories as more stories over write them. 

Another factor that has contributed to the decline in newspapers sales, was Television's arrival in the 1950's. The exposure of this increased the range of media choices available to the public, while further into newspapers dominance as the source of news. 

Television and internet both bring news to the consumer faster and in a more visual style than newspapers, which are constrained by their physical format, manufacturing and distribution. 

In contrast, free newspaper is available to read for those who commute on the train and tube, often on the way to work. The newspaper is usually a mid-market paper, for example Metro or The Independence meaning the public have a variety of hard and soft news to read. The idea of reading a printed copy of a newspaper on the train would sound more appealing than on a mobile devise, to some people. 

Overall, the major decline of print newspaper sales has been due to the advancements in technology by making some peoples daily routine of buying a newspaper, more convenient and favourable as it is all online. It has benefited the public because of the efficiency, making online newspapers more popular than ever. 

The Guardian News values

Target Audience-

⇒76% of Guardian Select UK Audience are Progressives, who are affluent forward-looking individuals, curious about the world and embrace change and technology

More people are reading The guardian News more than ever; with a 16% increase in page views and 14% increase in browsers from 2016-2017. 

According to The Guardians' statistics, they reach 24.1 million views monthly, where as The Telegraph reach 23.1 million, The Independent 17.3 and The Times 8. The Guardian also influences 13.6 million views weekly and 4.8 million daily.  

Additionally, their personal readers completed a survey about their journalism; 87% trust what they read, 84% feels a close connection, 82% believes that it offers them an aspect they can't get anywhere else, and finally 98% states reading their news is time well spent. They typically target a well-educated, relatively young, predominantly male and liberal audience centred around London. 52% of Guardian readers are male, and the average reader is 44. 

⇒The Guardian is very subjective with their views rather than objective. 

 'Three Little Pigs' advert- 

・Looking from everyones point of view/ both sides of argument 
・Wolf= government--- Pigs = Public, not affording a mortgage 
・Water boiling over= financial symbolism 
・ Worldwide problems presented - search for the truth 
・Binary of Individual VS Institution 

 It highlights the Guardians struggle to remain relevant in the evolution is of technology, hence why they use the twitter and hashtag formats as the primary form of how people are following and commenting on the story, as well as tablet applications.

 The campaigns use of the three little pigs could be seen as an extended metaphor, the pigs being the guardian, taking new measures (boiling the wolf/evolving/modernising) to stop their houses (company) collapsing.

George Gerbner

> He argues that repeated similar headlines , repeated positive representations of the Royal Family - For example, establishes a 'world view' that is hard to challenge. It literally cultivates a right wing ideology and reinforces traditional values.

Examples of subjects in the news that polarise newspapers/readers: 

- Pro/ anti Corbyn , May, Trump 

- Brexit/ Remain

- Immigration

- Muslims

- Syria/ Burma/ Libya refugee crisis

- Mass shootings

- Rich/ poor divide- e.g. Grenfell

Soft and Hard News

Hard News:

> Hard news is the kind of fast-paced news that usually appears on the front page of newspapers. Stories that fall under the umbrella of hard news often deal with topics like business, politics and international news.

For Example-

* Celebrity Gossip 

* Sport

* Entertainment News 

* Fashion News

* Art and Culture

* Human interest stories

Soft News:

> Soft news is defined as those organizations that primarily deal with commentary, entertainment, arts and lifestyle. Soft media can take the form of television programs, magazines or print articles.

For example-

* Politics

* Business and the Economy 

* Industry and Technology

* Science

* War and Conflict 

* Health 

* Education 

* World Events 

Representation in Newspapers

The Daily Telegraph and The Independents comparison of articles:

           

The main image in The Daily Telegraph is the Royal Family celebrating Charles 70th birthday- however the Independents main image is of Theresa May, due to the events of Brexit that occurred on this date. 

The Independent doesn't have anything to do with the Royal Family on there front cover, although it is The Daily Telegraph's main story.

This is due to The Daily Telegraph being royalists and support right wing, however, the Independent are left wing and do not have any interest in the Royal Family news stories.

Newspapers Industries Research

1- I believe that the aggregate advertising expenditure and net circulation figures equate to about half of their 2007 due to the technological advancement and demand for the news digitally. Therefore this is killing the hard copy's of news and sales, as customers believe that reading news is easier and more straight forward for the current population.


2- The Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) of India is a non-profit circulation-auditing organisation. It certifies and audits the circulations of major publications, including newspapers and magazines in India. ABC is a voluntary organisation initiated in 1948 that operates in different parts of the world.

3- I believe that Sunday newspapers sell  more people have free time and are usually not working therefore are in a tradition of purchasing a newspaper every Sunday. As well as this the news would more soft news than hard news, due to it being the last day of the week. 

4- The leading broadsheet is The Daily Telegraph; The leading tabloid is The Sun; The leading Mid- Market is The Daily Mail. 

5- The Daily Mail is shown to be the second most popular newspaper however, most popular mid market.  Due to the niche audience, The Guardian is shown to be towards the lower ends of the scale. Whereas, The Daily Mail is a Mid- Market and therefore, has broadsheet and tabloid aspects and has a more broad audience. 

6- The Guardian media group is owned by the Scott Trust, a private company whose core purpose I to ensure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian, the papers values are to be honest, fair and bring integrity to the reader. This is therefore dome by the independence of most news stories and ideas attracting a varied audience. This is shown the investment of over £1 billion, the the most profits they reinvest into journalism to deliver the best quality news to audience. 

7- In terms of digital distribution I think the mosts significant brand identity has to be about online websites, as many commuters and other people have technological devices such as laptops and tablets that may not be able to download the application therefore it is easier to access the internet. For example people on work breaks are predominantly at computers or desk tops- easiest to view; as most works now ban the use of mobile phones with a certain block/ building due to distraction. 

8- The UK newspapers appear to be the least trusted in Europe, according to research by the European Broadcasting Union. It carried out surveys of 1000 members of the public in each of 33 European countries for its Trust in media report. The UK by far the least trusted 'written press' of any European country. 

9- The independent press standards organisations are the regulators for the most of the UK's newspapers and magazines. They hold newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, protect individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and maintain freedom of expression for the press. They make sure that member newspapers and magazines follow the editors code. 

10-  Print display advertising revenue for the national UK newspapers has grown for the first time in more than seven years, according to a new report on Ad expenditure. Display Ad's in national titles saw revenue growth of 1% year on year in the first quarter of 2018 , putting it at total of £152.6 million for the period. Within tabloids print display advertsing grew by 3% year on year. 

News Value

CUPPTUNE

C- CONTINUITY -    stories that are already in the news, continue to run - are updated

U- UNEXPEDIDNESS -  an event that is a shock or out of the ordinary 

P- PERSONALISATION-  stories that include human interest

P- PROXIMITY-  stories that are closer to home

T- THRESHOLD-  the bigger the impact and reach of the story

U- UNAMBIGUOUS-  stories that are easy to understand 

N- NEGATIVITY-  bad news is more interesting

E- ELITE PERSONS-  stories about important people and powerful nations 

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of Online Newspapers-

> Environmentally friendly
> Live updates (latest)
> Your own personal account to choose topics- Personalising it
> Accessibility- phones, tablets; more practical.
> Free (paywalls- daily telegraph, The Times), Guardian success story asks for subscribers.
> Contact papers quickly.
> Comments on news stories- audience participation
> More interactive- videos and adverts.
> Easy to share articles


Disadvantages of Online Newspapers-

> Holding something- phones, tablet e.t.c 
> Internet needed
> Cant keep the article/ story
> Less accessible for older generations
> Less information 
> Technical errors
> Pop up's- adverts
> Eye strain
> More distracting

BroadSheet VS Tabloid

The Sun                                                                                      

Audience:

・The Sun, which is a Tabloid, targets an audience of a middle/working class. Therefore, relating to the C2DE social class categories. 

Article Topics:

・The article is about the general election, for who's party was going to rule country. 

・Ed Miliband (who this article is aimed at) ran the Labour Party and was pictured eating a bacon sandwich, which made the front cover of The Sun. 

・The Sun is conservative, so they support conservative views and opinions throughout their paper- meaning this was an attempt to stop people voting fro labour instead of conservative- by using humour and mocking Ed Miliband. 

Key headings:

・"Save our Bacon" , was the title dominating The Sun's front cover, the pun was used as Ed Miliband was eating a bacon sandwich in the unflattering picture.

・The smaller title was   "Don't swallow his porkies and keep him OUT"- the second use of a pun, creates a mockery towards the politician and for him to be taken as a Joke and not someone who can be trusted to run the country. The emphasis of the the word 'out' in capital letters, highlights the passion the sun feels towards him and his party not leading our country- and their way of trying to persuade others to feel the same.

Images:
・The main image is a full spread, illustrating that it is a big situation/ event that is occurring.
・The image is of Ed eating a bacon sandwich, which is referred to as 'helpless'- the photo itself isnt very flattering and seems as if he didn't know it was being taken.

Messages:
・The message that is given from the front cover is very negative about the Labour Party and leader at the time of it. This is because of the conservative views of the Sun- therefore they mock the other parties and leaders, in order to persuade the public to vote otherwise.


The Guardian

Audience:
・The guardian is as broadsheet- and targets an educated, middle, left learning, 18+ audience.

Article Topics:
・Trump telling Theresa May that soft Brexit will 'kill' UK hopes of US trade pact.
・Another story is topic is about there being more NHS child mental health cases than ever before.

Key Headings:
・"Trump tells May: soft Brexit will 'kill' UK hopes of US trade pact" - the title isn't in bold but it larger than the body text. The use of the dramatic word 'kill', highlights how passionate and serious trump feels about this matter and would encourage the reader to read further.

Images:
・The main image is of Theresa May, Donald Trump and his wife- wife May looking towards them almost smiling and Trump and his wife looking directly forward quite seriously.

The Daily Mail

Audience:

・The audience for Daily Mail, a mid - market newspaper, is known to be adults from the age of 35+. The audience is spread predominantly towards the Conservative party. 


Article Topics:
・The main topic for this article is about the Queen's birthday as well as pictures of Royals, Charles and Anne. 


Key Headings:
・The main headline is "Birthday smile that says she's loving every minute!", this headline is about the Queen and how she is enjoying her birthday- the daily mail support the Royal Family and are Royalist's, therefore would have a full spread of the Queen's birthday and other  Royal events. 
・As well as this another title that stands out is "Charles, Anne and the most joyous royal snaps ever"with underneath " six pages of unseen family photos:" - this would intrigue readers as the picture of Charles and Anne from when they were younger on the front page is quite amusing so  they would want to see the other ones. 

Images:
・The main image is of the Queen grinning, which commemorates the headline as it begins with "birthday smile" - portraying the daily mails Royalist views and opinions. 
・The second image is of Charles and Anne when they were younger, posing in a funny way- which doesn't seem like a typical royalty picture. 

The Daily Mail and The Guardian

The Daily Mail

 

The Daily Mail presents their page with bold shades of colours, instantly drawing the readers attention onto there page and reading their stories. Along the top of the article they present the weather forecast, date and time - showing that it has live updates with frequent information. 

Underneath the masthead there are many subheadings, including; Sport, TV and showbiz, Health, Science, Travel e.t.c.  I clicked on 'News' so it then came up with topics related to news currently, for example; Royal Family, World news, Arts e.t.c. 

This is convenient as it takes you directly to what you want to see and are specifically interested in , so its useful and quick for the reader. 

Beneath that is an advertisement for their @mailonline twitter page, the ad is much bigger than the masthead and title, therefore is certain to be seen by readers. Along the side of the page, however much smaller are their accounts for Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and Snapchat- so readers are aware that you can access the news on every social media platform and not just their main website. 

The main story itself, is quite terrifying and disturbing; the skyline states 'Terrifying moment gang corner their victim and slash him with huge 3.5 ft long MACHETES as they dish out vicious beating on residential street in Birmingham'. The bold text instantly grabs the readers attention, as well as the detailed explanation of what happend with the violent and aggressive vocabulary, such as 'slash' and 'beating'. These words portray a negative image immediately for the reader about the article and indicates that it isn't going to be an enjoyable read.

Underneath the skyline, there are three sentences to summarise what actually happened, who was involved and where it happened. 

The byline confirms who wrote the article, when it was published and last updated, it also gives you a number or how many people have shared the article already, which for this one was 3.7k.  

Further down into the article, there is a video of the violent crime taking place, to give readers a visual representation of what happened. There is also the body text which explains what happened to the boy as well as a pull quote taken from a pedestrian near by to the incident. It shows a few main images of the gang with the machete, and then a picture of the actual weapons used in the crime- all with captions under them to outline and explain the images further. 

After the images, there is a chart to show the figures of police recorded crime and what percentage of these were Murders, Robberies, knife crime e.t.c.

Afterwards, there is as section about one of the victims, who is a 16 year old boy, there is a picture of him in a suit, looking innocent and young- which readers would sympathise whilst reading. 

It them states how the Metropolitan police are finding it harder to work with house office rules, so they want to reinforce rules. 

Throughout the article, there are separate stories along the right hand column- mostly celebrity gossip. In this article there are 63 different side stories that you can then go onto looking at. Some of the examples on this article are to do with Im a Celebrity get me out of here, science of beauty, and  articles on different celebrities including, Vicky Pattison, Scarlett Moffat, Cara Delevingne and Paris Hilton. 

The Guardian 

The Guardian is a newspaper known as a broadsheet and presents their articles in a more formal and sophisticated manor- due to not having any big bold writing and simple colours. At the top of the article is the masthead 'The Guardian' in a simple white font, which is surrounded by different links , including a search button, a job search and sign in- which would be useful for people who are only interested in specific news.
The main subheadings are at the top of the page, they are named; News, Opinion, Sport, Culture, and Lifestyle- these take you onto the specific type of information that you want to see and read.
The skyline states 'Westminster council to ban supersize new homes', this is very different to the daily mails skyline, due to it being very simplistic and to the point- not very detailed and quite subtle (not bold and large writing).
The main image is very picturesque but simple, with a caption underneath stating where the location is and how much it is worth. 

The main story is about the council setting a 150 square meter limit on housing- so they can build more affordable houses and that they will build 10,000 affordable units by 2040 with all the freed up space. 

Further into the article, there is mention of the statistics of the average sized UK house and that the supersize house are 50 % bigger than this. There is a pull quote  in the article from Richard Beddoe, who is involved with the council, he states that 'We want Westminster to be home to thriving , mixed communities, not empty super-prime properties. That's why we will be restricting the size of new luxury apartments and introducing a new extra bedroom policy to make it easier for families to extend their homes so they have enough space to stay living in Westminster and are not forced to move out"